Book Report on 1984 by George Essay Example For Students

Book Report on 1984 by George Essay The book starts off with an interesting first sentence the clocks were striking 13. To me this was unusual because there is no 13 on a clock and it is usually considered an unlucky number. I thought it was kind of weird and different compared to what kind of world we are living in today. This is because in London the province of Oceania is where our first and main character Winston Smith lives. There are signs reminding citizens that Big Brother is always watching. Big Brother is the leader of the party in which Winston is a part of as well as all the people of Oceania. Winston Smith is about 39 and has on ulcer on his left ankle. He had to wear blue overalls as a rule of the party. He lives in Victory Mansions by himself. One vocabulary word that I didnt know I found on page 6, eddies, which is a current air running contrary to the main current. Also on page 6 I learned that in this place where Winston lives they use what is called a telescreen which watches and hears everything eve ryone is doing. There is a telescreen placed in every corner of every room. This telescreen could not be turned off. If you are heard thinking of something the Big Brother does not want you to think then you will be punished by the Thought Police. This punishment could be death or a sentence of 25 years in a forced labor camp. You had to keep your feelings to yourself and try to hide them from the Thought Police. Your worst enemy is your own nervous system, (page 67) this is something you hear all the time from criminals who say their self conscious got to them.There are three slogans of the party, theses slogans are War is Peace, Freedom is Slavery, and Ignorance is Strength. Not everyone is a member of the Party. Only about 20% of the people of Oceania are involved in the party. Most people living in Oceania are living in slums. The people are given a small amount of coupons to trade in for clothing, food or anything else they needed. On page 8 we find out the 4 most important bui ldings in Oceania. They are the four Ministries, which are all government buildings. They are the Ministry of Peace, which is concerned with war. The Ministry of Truth is concerned with news, entertainment, education and the arts. The Ministry of Love maintains law and order. The Ministry of Plenty is responsible for economic affairs. Each ministry had its own concerns and problems. I agree with the author in that our own system of government I believe each department has its own individual concerns and problems. Every member of the party worked in one of these ministries. Winston worked in the Ministry of Truth where his job was to rewrite history to make it sound good for the party. On page 11 Winston is looking for razor blades because the party underestimated the amount needed when he walks into an antique shop and ends up buying a diary. This was not illegal only because there were no laws, but it could be thought as an act punishable to the Thought Police. When Winston got home he decided to write in his new diary only not knowing what to write. He just started writing about a war movie that he saw last night not even remembering why he bought this diary. On page 12, we meet a friend of Winstons, Charlie OBrien, who is a member of the inner party and a large burly man with a thick neck. Also, on page twelve, I did not know what bigoted meant. It means someone who is devoted to his own opinions and prejudices. On page 13, Winston hears on the telescreen the Two Minutes of Hate which came on every day. This was usually to test the people to see if they believed in the party. The person usually giving this speech is the former leader of the party Emmanuel Golds tein who is the enemy of the people. Winston could not talk to any of his co-workers. He was not allowed to possess memories and if you were caught some how it was all punishable by the Thought Police. Everyone was living in horrible conditions. George Orwell described the provinces of Oceania very well on page 77 where he writes, Decaying, dingy cities where underfed people shuffled to and fro in leaky shoes, in patched-up nineteenth century houses that smelt always of cabbage and bad lavatories. To me this sentence gave me a good mental picture of where and how these people were living. A Different World EssayWinston was trying to do everything to get out of there. He was confessing to everything he did wrong and everything he knew of other people doing something wrong. This was not working. They kept him in there. After a few days, Winston lost track of the time and what day it was because there was not any windows and the jail cells always stayed the same. Winston was also being starved. The next night he thought of what could get him out of there and it worked. He turned on Julia saying he did not love her and he told them to kill Julia and not him. After saying this, Winston is eventually let back into the world to work and live. They gave him a new look and a new job. Winston looked different because of all the scars and bruises he had suffered from being beaten in the jail. Winston then begins to love his new life and enjoys every minute of it. He is also now a good member of the party, doing everything he is suppose to, and not thinking for himself. He is t hinking just like the party had taught him. He had found Julia at a restaurant, and they went to the park to talk. They both had turned against each other and decided it was best for them not to be involved anymore. It was mostly because they did not have the physical attraction to each other anymore as they used to. They both had changed because of being beaten in jail. A few days later an announcement comes onto the telescreen saying they have won the war and defeated Eurasia. People crowded into the street to cheer on the victory of the party. Winston jumped for joy and thats when the Thought Police had seen on the telescreen and had realized that Winston was cured and a real member of the party. He had loved Big Brother and then he was shot from behind and killed.

Policing Of Neighborhoods Essays - Law Enforcement, Crime Prevention

Policing Of Neighborhoods Policing of communitys can take form in many different ways. These ways include plenty of patrol day and night, little patrol or no patrol, and or foot patrol. Both of these articles: Poking Holes in the Theory of Broken Windows, by D.W. Miller; and Broken Windows: The police and neighborhood safety, by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling talk about the different theories on how to lower crime rates within the community. Broken Windows presents the theory that if little things are neglected then bigger things in turn will arise. Broken Windows: The police and neighborhood safety was written before the other article to establish its idea, as stated above. The second article, Poking Holes in the Theory of Broken Windows, was composed in order to get the point across that the Broken Windows theory is incorrect. The article Broken Windows The police and neighborhood safety brings about the theory that one unrepaired broken window is a signal that no one cares and so breaking more windows costs nothing (Wilson, Kelling, 1982). They are saying that if the community lets some crime go then it is just going to be the beginning of more serious crime. The police are not helping reduce the crime rate due to the fact that the police exist to regulate behavior, not to maintain the racial or ethnic purity of a neighborhood (Wilson, Kelling, 1982). To the residents, the police who arrive in squad cars are either ineffective or uncaring (Wilson, Kelling, 1982). So in turn they came up with the theory that making foot patrol in neighborhoods more readily available to the people would better deter crime. To the surprise of hardly anyone, that foot patrol had not reduced crime rates. But residents of foot-patrolled neighborhoods seemed to feel more secure than persons in other areas, tended to believe that crime had been reduced(Wilson, Kelling, 1982). By using this technique to try lowering crime rates they actually only fooled the public by making them feel more secure, when really they were not. The article Poking Holes in the Theory of Broken Windows, talked about how the article Broken Windows is only a theory (Miller, 2001, p. 4). They came to this conclusion through the reverse of Murphys Law: Virtually everything that could go right, did. Turf wars in the crack trade died down. The number of young males between the ages of 18-24- the crime - prone years - shrank. Unbroken economic growth provided disadvantaged young people with alternatives to crime (Miller, 2001, p. 4,5). In the essence when they thought their theory on cutting crime was working, it in fact was humanity that was changing for the better, proving their theory to be right. In reading the two assigned articles, Broken Windows: The police and neighborhood safety and Poking Holes in the Theory of Broken Window, it can be said that the second article contradicts the message that the first article was trying to get across. The Broken Window theory states that if little things are neglected then bigger things in turn will arise. In contrast to that, the second articles goes to show how the theory in the first one was wrong by pointing out how humanity changed as a whole. It made this change through great economic growth, which boosted peoples finances, and resulted in a decrease in criminal activities, instead of decreasing crime rates through increasing the policing of neighborhoods.

General Motors Branding of Saturn

Executive Summary Branding is one of the most valid practices of marketing management in firms. Best practices in brand management result in the attainment of high volumes of sales by the company. This paper presents a case of branding and its impact on Saturn, which is one of the key brands of the General Motors Company.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on General Motors: Branding of Saturn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper is subdivided into three major parts. The first part of the paper is the background, which gives an overview of the case. The second part of the paper is the situational analysis, which explores the issue of brands and branding that are brought out in the case. The third part of the paper is the analysis of alternatives, in which suggestions to the issues of brand management identified in the case are given. Introduction Marketing is one of the most critical practices of firms amids t the competition that prevails in the market in which firms operate. Each company keeps coming up with marketing strategies as a way of improving the capacity of the firm to ease the competitive pressure that emanate from the practices of other firms in the market. Firms often develop a number of strategies, some of which favor the company while other marketing strategies result in complications and impact negatively on market sustenance (Ferrell Hartline, 2011). The General Motors Company is one of the world’s most renowned companies in the global automotive industry. This implies that the company has managed to produce brands that have ensured its competitiveness in the industry. It should be observed that the automotive industry is a technical industry, which makes it one of the most competitive industries in the world. For any firm in the industry to thrive in the market, it has to continuously embrace innovation and creativity. There are a number of other established c ompanies in the industry. These include Ford, Nissan and Toyota. This paper presents a case analysis of marketing practices in General Motors. The case presented in the paper focuses on Saturn, one of the brands of the General Motors Company. The paper begins by expounding the problem in the case, after which an analysis of marketing issues that comes out of the case is done. Background of the case General Motors has managed to sustain its operational competitiveness in the industry and the market at large through the production and positioning of different brands in the market. Therefore, this case centers on the marketing initiatives and practices that appertain to one of the General Motors Company brands in the market. The case revolves around the marketing decision by Saturn to produce and market other brands of cars. Since its establishment, Saturn has emerged to be a strong and independent brand, irrespective of the fact that the brand still lies under the umbrella of General Motors Company.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was an aggressive development basing on the fact that General Motors had only relied on three brands in the 1990 decade. While this was seen as a step of bringing about a revolution in Saturn, a number of concerns were raised over the influence of this development of the company and its position in the market. The main concern came from the fact that the company had been dwelling on a narrow line of production, which captured a certain line of customers. The introduction of diverse brands implies the enlargement of the target market and the expansion of the market segments of Saturn, an exercise that may be quite daunting for Saturn and General Motors. The decision to develop diverse brands is welcome, but at the same time lots of doubts are raised about how the diverse numbers of products are to be managed in the mar ket. Saturn set out its operations back in the year 1990 with the rolling out of three brands of cars in the market. These three brands are: a sedan, a wagon and a coupe, thrived the market due to their features. Innovative and marketing management attracted an extended number of customers. These features attracted a new set of customers who could not have been captured by the General Motors Company. Five years into its operations, Saturn had attained a higher level of recognition in the market, making the company to be nominated for diverse awards basing on its score on satisfaction index. This performance implied that Saturn defied most of the odds of the industry, which is often deemed to be highly competitive and hard to penetrate. However, the sudden mushrooming of the company in the market began to be bound by the shrinking in sales, even with the introduction of a series of other new brands of cars in the market. The company also saw a number of newer brands like the L-series vanish from the market within a short time. The question that ought to be posed here is why the company was witnessing a reduction in the amount of sales, in spite of increasing the number of car brands in the market. Irrespective of the reduction in sales, General Motors has kept banking on Saturn to raise its performance. General Motors banks heavily on the capacity of Saturn, which lays in a number of things, among them the loyal base of Saturn customers. The central question in the case is the dynamic focus of Saturn and the implications that it has on raising the performance of the company in the market. With the adoption of diversity in production, several concerns are raised in the segment of the market, which will be central to the company.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on General Motors: Branding of Saturn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The effects of production diversification on the customers o f the company are also issues of concern. The impact of diversification of the company’s production leaves a lot of pending questions on the interactions between the company and its customers. The General Motors’ hope of market expansion through investment in Saturn lies in a number of things that have shown up in the brand. These are innovation, employee focus, social responsibility, and customer sustainability. Situational Analysis Overview of the environment The General Motors Company is ranked among the leading producers of cars in the world. However, the global automotive industry has volatile competition, which necessitates the application of competitive strategies by companies that are operating in the industry. One trend that is common in the competitive landscape in the global automotive industry is the innovative practice that results in the production of different car brands. However, attraction and sustenance of customers through the brands, remains to be a key challenge to a substantial number of firms operating in the industry, General Motors, being among the challenged companies. Companies in the industry have nonetheless kept inventing strategies that are geared at helping them access and gain significant control of customers in the market. Competition remains to be a fundamental guiding force in the industry that keeps steering the struggle for market and the subsequent sustenance of firms in the market. Branding is one of the key characteristic of marketing that is used by a substantial number of firms in the automotive industry (Wiedmann et al., 2011). The General Motors Company has been on the forefront in terms of developing brands as one of its competitive strategies in the market. One critical thing that has been observed in the case is that the General Motors Company has leveraged a substantial number of individual car brands in the market. However, the most critical thing that denotes the internal development of the compa ny is the development of the Saturn brand. Saturn produced is the first brand of cars in the year 1990. The brand accessed the market quickly, enabling the brand to quickly attain a respectable position in the market. According to George (2004), Saturn can be considered to be one of the key heritage brands of the General Motors Company. The three types of cars that were rolled into the market by Saturn in 1990 gained wide acceptance from a certain segment of customers in the market. This can be attributed to market research by Saturn, which enabled it to come up with brands that were appealing to customers. The pace at which a given product gains access and acceptance in the market is dependent on a number of factors. The most compelling factors are the ability of the products to meet the consumption demands of the customers.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The consumption needs are based on prices, the level of utility of the product and the tastes and preferences of the customers. It can be said that the features of the three products that were rolled out by Saturn in 1990 met the needs of the customers. From the case, it has been noted that Saturn went further to produce another set of car brands later. These brands did not attain the level of sales that was attained by the first of their key brands that were unleashed earlier. The marketing mix Competing in the market through the nature of products is a complicated exercise as it involves a change in the nature of products in the market. One main thing that has been noted in the global automotive industry is that firms in the industry often compete through branding. As one of the main brands of the General Motors Company, Saturn has given a lot of attention to the development of diverse brands of products. While the first three brands gained a quicker access in the market, a series of other car brands that were produced as part of expanding the presence of the company in the market. A substantial number of market researchers have argued that the release of many brands in the market by firms can be an undoing factor for the company. At the same time, firms can use the deployment of several brands in the market as one of the tactics of dominating the market. While competing with products, one critical thing that a firm ought to observe is the entry point in the market. In the case under study, it was observed that that Saturn entered the market with a smaller range of products in the market, which made it gain fame in the market. The introduction of other brands by Saturn resulted in the complication of managing a wide range of products in the market. New products imply the expansion of the marketing segment of the company, which increases the task of managing a wider number of products in the market (Pride Ferrell, 2012). Pricing plays a vital role in shaping the performance of products in the market due to the changing conditions of the economy that affect the buying behavior of customers. The change in the number of products in the company that were introduced by Saturn in the market denotes a change in pricing. Pricing was one of the key attributes of marketing that attracted customers to the Saturn products. Saturn has not paid much attention to pricing, but rather to the broadening of the range of products in the market. The factors of production and the channels of procuring materials are part of the key considerations in the establishment of prices in an industry that is labor intensive (Biller et al., 2005). The market where a company operates in acts as a guiding factor in the establishment of marketing strategies. As noted in the earlier analysis conducted in the paper, Saturn produces brands that compete with numerous other car brands that are produced by other companies in the market like. The General Motors Company poses co mpetitive threat to other giant companies in the market like Toyota and Ford. Saturn targets a wider segment of the market, which is the reason why the company decided to expand its brands by venturing into the production of other brands apart from the first three brands. With the new car models, it can be said that the company wants to extend its brands to the young generation across the global market. However, the performance of the brands in the market raises questions about whether targeting the youths more can help to attain a desirable number of sales for the company as it is echoed out in the case. Spahi (2008) observed that the strategy of conquering the market through the enlargement of brands can result in the problem of managing customers. It denotes the expansion of the market, which could jeopardize the attractive aspect of the prevailing brands to the segment of customers already captured by the brands. Promotion is done through several means, one of which is the produ ction of brands with features that are appealing to a certain segment of customers. It should also be noted that the promotion of Saturn brands in the market is enhanced by the fact that the company has established itself as a brand in itself, an aspect that de-links it from the other long established brands of the General Motors Company like Chevrolet. The other promotional factor for the company in the market is the customer centric approaches that are held by the management of the company. This concurs with the argument that was advanced by Nadeem (2007), who noted that customer centric approaches are critical to the attainment of customer loyalty and, by extension promoting the brand in the market. Analysis of Alternatives While gaining customers is easily attainable, the sustenance of customers through brands is a whole complicated exercise because of the dynamics in brands and branding practices of firms in the market. The loyalty of customers is often attained through the bra nds that are released by firms in the market and the supportive mating management practices that accompany the brands (Kerr Balakrishnan, 2012). The problem in the case presented in this paper revolves around the issue of brand management in the market by Saturn. The question that ought to be asked is whether it was worthwhile for Saturn to introduce a series of other brands in the market, bearing in mind that the brands that already prevailed in the market had a remarkable performance. Arguing from the perspective of commanding the market through brands, it can be said that a substantial number of companies often opt for using the tactic of flooding the market with their brands as one way of controlling their competitiveness in the market. However, Saturn ought to introduce new brands on a one-by-one basis since it operates in a highly competitive market. This is a desirable exercise as it gives firms time to monitor and ensure that a given brand has attained the desired level of acceptance and commands loyalty from the customers. This is backed by the finding of a research that was conducted by Bowman and Gatignon (1996), who sought to know the impact of the multiple brand introductions to the management of product mix. Brown and Gatignon concluded that it is quite daunting to manage multiple brands in the market, especially when they are introduced at the same time by the company in the market. From their observation, they argued that firms need to prioritize the entry of brands in the market as this helps to ease the pressure of managing brands in the market. A reasonable gap needs to be given in order to ensure that customers gain familiarity with a give brand before another brand is presented to them by the company (Bowman Gatignon, 1996). The other key alternative of marketing management in this case entails the utilization of other aspects of marketing management as a way of catching and managing the attention of customers on the brands released by S aturn in the market. It should be noted that the marketing function in firms is comprised of diverse practices, all of which help the company to gain and sustain customers. Brand positioning is often attained not by the nature of the brand itself, but through the nature of marketing practices that are deployed by the company in its quest to familiarize the brand in the market. As observed in the case, the earlier key brands of Saturn were able to gain a wider acceptance from the customers through the practices that were deployed in releasing them to the customers. This reiterates the need to embrace diversity in marketing practices if at all the General Motors Company wants to boost its presence in the market through Saturn. Such practices are elusive and begin with the exercise of motivating the marketing team of the company. They denote the deployment of aggressive marketing tactics that aim at ensuring that a substantial number of brands have gained the desired level of attention in the market. Promotion of each individual brand in the market through pricing and other marketing offers is essential for differentiating the brands in the market (Morris Martin, 2000). Saturn needs to be creative so that it does not deploy similar tactics in promoting the different bands in the market. Conclusion and recommendations Brand management is a critical yet a complex exercise. From the case, it has been noted that managing multiple brands in the market is quite daunting and can result in market loss by a given company. Saturn had a good command of the market when it introduced a few brands in the market. However, its sales declined amidst its decision to introduce a series of other brands in the market. Several arguments arose, among them the issue of differentiating brands in the market segments. As noted in the analysis of alternatives, Saturn needs to pay attention to two critical issues in order to avert the problems of branding that are facing it. First of all, S aturn should recognize the need to manage the pace at which it introduces brands in the market. The most desirable way to do is by marketing each brand at its own time. This is critical in differentiating the brands in the market. The company can also focus each brand on a given market segment. This is one way of avoiding the generation of conflict of interest among the customers already attained by the preceding brands. The second critical point that should be considered by Saturn is the deployment of different strategies of marketing management for each of the new brands that are released by the company in the market. This can greatly aid in maintaining the difference between the brands and sustenance of the brands in diverse market segments. References Biller, S., Chan, L. M. A., Simchi-Levi, D., Swann, J. (2005). Pricing and the direct-to-customer model in the automotive industry. Electronic Commerce Research, 5(2), 309-334. Bowman, D., Gatignon, H. (1996). Order of entry as a moderator of the effect of the marketing mix on market share. Marketing Science (1986-1998), 15(3), 222-222. Ferrell, O. C., Hartline, M. D. (2011). Marketing strategy. New South Wales: South-Western Cengage Learning. George, M. (2004). Heritage branding helps in global markets. Marketing News, 4(13), 1. Kerr, G., Balakrishnan, M. S. (2012). Challenges in managing place brands: The case of Sydney. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 8(1), 6-16. Morris, R. J., Martin, C. L. (2000). Beanie babies: A case study in the engineering of a high-involvement/relationship-prone brand. The Journal of Product and Brand Management, 9(2), 78-98. Nadeem, M. M. (2007). Emergence of customer-centric branding: From boardroom leadership to self-broadcasting. Journal of American Academy of Business, 12(1), 44-49. Pride, W. M., Ferrell, O. C. (2012). Marketing. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Spahi, S. S. (2008). Optimizing the level of customization for products in mass customization sy stems. University of Central Florida. ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis, 219. Web. Wiedmann, K., Hennigs, N., Schmidt, S., Wuestefeld, T. (2011). Drivers and outcomes of brand heritage: Consumers’ perception of heritage brands in the automotive industry. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 205-220. This case study on General Motors: Branding of Saturn was written and submitted by user Jabari Nieves to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Directing A Film Using The Yellow Wallpaper

Journal 2:directing a film using The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman as the theme If I were a film director, I would choose the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman as the theme. In the following paragraph, I will talk about why I would choose this story, who I would choose for the actor and actress, and where I would select as the site to shoot the film. I choose this story because it is an interesting story which truly describes the mental problems of the woman, how she became insane, her state of mind and the way in which the surrounding (the room and the wallpaper) affect her. Beside of that, the story also describes the environment of family life, so I can follow the rules to create the same theme which the writer wants to show. Also, I can use new technology, including computer graphics, in the film. What the writer describes the woman seeing in from the wallpaper can be shown to the audience, with no need to picture it themselves. Moreover, the most important difference is that film can fully show the narrative style of the story, how disjointed, confused, dis-organized is the life of the woman. For the selection of the main actress and actor, I would choose some Chinese actors, as I know more of them than other actors in other countries. I would also choose some actors with lots of experience in film. Therefore, I would choose Dide Yip as the main actress. She is a good actress on some â€Å"interior-telling† films, and she is good at presenting what the script and director are asking for. For the main actor, I would choose Chow Yun Fat to act as the husband of the woman. It is because he is so famous around the world, even got the â€Å"king of the film† too. I think it would be so good if two great actors can join their forces to produce a good film. At last, I will think of the place where I would shoot the film. The writer mentioned the place where the main chara... Free Essays on Directing A Film Using The Yellow Wallpaper Free Essays on Directing A Film Using The Yellow Wallpaper Journal 2:directing a film using The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman as the theme If I were a film director, I would choose the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman as the theme. In the following paragraph, I will talk about why I would choose this story, who I would choose for the actor and actress, and where I would select as the site to shoot the film. I choose this story because it is an interesting story which truly describes the mental problems of the woman, how she became insane, her state of mind and the way in which the surrounding (the room and the wallpaper) affect her. Beside of that, the story also describes the environment of family life, so I can follow the rules to create the same theme which the writer wants to show. Also, I can use new technology, including computer graphics, in the film. What the writer describes the woman seeing in from the wallpaper can be shown to the audience, with no need to picture it themselves. Moreover, the most important difference is that film can fully show the narrative style of the story, how disjointed, confused, dis-organized is the life of the woman. For the selection of the main actress and actor, I would choose some Chinese actors, as I know more of them than other actors in other countries. I would also choose some actors with lots of experience in film. Therefore, I would choose Dide Yip as the main actress. She is a good actress on some â€Å"interior-telling† films, and she is good at presenting what the script and director are asking for. For the main actor, I would choose Chow Yun Fat to act as the husband of the woman. It is because he is so famous around the world, even got the â€Å"king of the film† too. I think it would be so good if two great actors can join their forces to produce a good film. At last, I will think of the place where I would shoot the film. The writer mentioned the place where the main chara...

Sales and Promotion in Sports Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Case Briefs - Assignment Example In 1976, the plaintiff took the case to a district court in Michigan State. In 1979, the Michigan’s district court dismissed the case in favor of the defendant Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets Inc. As an appellant, Carson appealed at the US Court of Appeals in Michigan State. The case was finally decided under the Michigan Court of Appeals 6th Circuit in 1983 (Smith, 21). In the district court, the plaintiff claimed that use of the phrase â€Å"Here’s Johnny† by the defendant amounted to violation of fair competition laws and invasion of privacy rights by the defendant. At the Courts of Appeals, the appellant maintained that use of the phrase in the defendant’s business amounted to unfair competition, invasion of privacy rights and invasion of right of publicity. The district court dismissed the case because the plaintiff failed to prove that use of the phrase by the defendant meets likelihood of confusion standards. The Courts of Appeals restrained the defendant, Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets Inc., from further use of the phrase â€Å"Here’s Johnny.† The district court reasoned that under Michigan common law, there was no likelihood of confusion among consumers of Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets Inc. and those of Carson’s apparel businesses. However, the Courts of Appeals reasoned that publicity rights belongs entirely to John Carson, and cannot be duplicated by third parties (Smith, 23). The Defendant, Time Warner, Inc. released digital formats of artists’ sound recordings through the internet. The online digital content generated substantial revenues, which were allegedly distributed to artists and assignees in a subjective manner. The Plaintiff, Tony Silvester et al, sued to recover compensation and damages resulting from breach of contract between the artists and the recording companies. The case was first brought to the US District Court of Southern New York in June 2000. After dismissal by the court in June 2002,

Steve Jobs Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Steve Jobs Biography - Essay Example Steve Jobs was one of those people who made an impact on the entire world and is being remembered even after he has left this world. Early years: Steve Jobs was born in February 1955 in San Francisco, California. His childhood wasn’t the smoothest of all and was adopted and also had difficulties in school times. Even in college days he could not complete the degree and dropped out shortly. Steve was adopted in his early age and he came to know about this fact later in his life many years down the lane (Gillam, pg 15). Steve jobs stayed in touch with physics and literature during his earlier years of education, yet he was struggling to find a path and direction. Jobs rather found interest in the electronics which he practiced with at his garage in childhood. However, things took a turn for the good when he first joined Atari and then Hewlett Packard where he came across a man named Steve Wonzniak who would become his partner in innovation and success journey in years to come. S teve Wonzniak was an engineer by profession. Early success: In contrast to the conventional subjects of education, Steve Jobs found his interest in the subject of creativity and it was more suited towards his natural abilities. By 1974 he had attached himself to the gaming console Atari and worked as a game designer. Steve Jobs got the chance to express his ideas to the right kind of person who could foresee innovations in his idea. Together they both worked on Blue Box device. It was a stepping stone towards many more innovations to come. Together they started thinking of an idea of establishing a desktop computer, and hence this set foundation for Apple Inc (Gillam, pg 36). This feat was achieved in 1976. With no investment at hand and no majors support, they had to carry out their work in the local garage , it is believed that both sacrificed their valuables for this cause and Jobs sold out his V.W mini bus while his comrade had to sacrifice his dear electronic calculator in orde r to make the project a reality . They can easily be termed as the pioneers for introducing a relatively small sized computers since earlier computers were largely mainframes and had no major computational strengths and ability at that time .A few hundred dollars venture that had started from the garage started earning them millions of in no time and by 1980 Apple Inc was a billion dollar company in reserves, all to the duo who through their innovation introduced new dimensions. They introduced two different models Apple 1 and after seeing its success they introduced Apple II, with considerable improvements. By this time Apple Inc and its computers had made to the market and it was the buzzword everywhere. Rough times at Apple Inc: The beginning of 1980s saw some rough times for Apple and it faced challenges from its competitors technically who ultimately surpassed the incumbent company. Apple had a threat in form of IBM’s introduced computer. This was the time when first Gra phic User Interface ( G.U.I) based computers were first introduced in the market .Not everything was smooth and there were bumps in his journey at Apple, after a few great years at the company, things got sour and the downfall of Apple Inc was blamed on Steve Jobs which resulted in his resignation in 1985.The company suffered from the loss of the visionary man and staleness was observed