Types of Planning

INTRODUCTION Besides organizing, controlling and leading, planning is cardinal of the commission theatrical roles. Good planning is crucial to enable an organization to function effectively. Planning is d whiz for two purposes, firstly as a auspices to the organization and secondly to increase the approbative levels of an organization according to C. W. Roney (Certo, 2000). As a protection to the organization, a manager can forecast the make from each of the suggestions or alternative actions that leave be carried out.Then managers will be able to control what needs to be done, how to carry out the actions, why it has to be done, when to do it, who should implement it with proper planning. And it is done to increase the affirmative levels of an organization. According to Fayol The plan of action is, at one and the same time, the conduce envisaged, the line of action to be followed, the stages to go through, and the methods to use. It is a kind of prospective picture wherei n proximate events are outlined with some distinctness.Planning is decision making in advance what is to be done. It involves the selection of objectives, policies, physical offsets and programs from among alternatives. A plan is a influence course of action to chance upon a specified goal. It is a account of objectives to be achieved by certain means in the future. In short, it is a blueprint for action. Louis A Allen Management planning involves the development of forecasts, objectives, policies, programs procedures, schedules and budgets. Theo Haimann Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done.When a manager plans, he projects a course of action, for the future, attempting to achieve a consistent, co-ordinated structure of operations aimed at the want results. Koontz ODonnell Planning is an intellectual process, the conscious determination of courses of action, the basing of decisions on purpose, acts and considered estimates. .TYPES OF readying According to Dess ler (2001) there are trine main types of planning which are planning base on format, organization hierarchy and frequency of use. readiness BASED ON FORMATDescriptive planning is a planning written in the form of statements that state what needs to be achieved and how it is achievable for example, planning of an idiosyncratics career. Budgeting is plan that stated quantitatively by using pecuniary terms. Graphics planning is a planning that explains what needs to be achieved and how to achieve it in the form of charts. For example Gantt chart, it illustrates the time period required in order to implement an activity in the form of bar chart. homework BASED ON ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY There are three levels in an organization pinch management, middle management, lower management.Top management (strategic plan) strategical planning focuses on long-term issues for the survival, growth, and everywhereall effectiveness of the organization. Companies need to be visionary, and m ust develop long-term strategies to meet changing conditions in their industries. strategic planning involves developing a strategy to meet competition and ensure long-term survival and growth. The marketing function plays an important role in this process in that to provides development and other inputs to help in the proviso of the organizations strategic plan long term plan. optic management (tactical plan)Tactical planning focuses their goals on a shorter time frame, usually ranging from one month to one year. Middle managers give authority and responsibility to group leaders or supervisors, after that they provide direction, necessary resources, and feedback on cognitive operation as tasks are completed. Usually they need more detailed information than top managers, moreover less information than team leaders and supervisors. They to a fault use business harbour systems, knowledge management systems, and user productiveness systems to perform their jobs. Lower management (operational plan) Lower management carries out every mean solar dayoperational plans.Operational employees primarily receive data that they need to perform their jobs day to day. In many companies, operational employees also need information to embrace tasks and make decisions that were assigned to supervisors which is calledempowerment, and gives employees more responsibility and accountability. PLANNING BASED ON FREQUENCY OF USE One time usage planning is a planning that is only used once. Specially prepared to fulfill particular purposes. For example the organization may open more than one offset, but each plan made only applicable to the specific carve up only.Because it have different resources like money, manpower, customers distribution, size of the branch area etc. Standing plan is a planning that is repeatedly used. Used to manage situations that frequently arise in an organization much(prenominal) as employees disciplinary problems. Standing plans have three types which are policy, procedure and regulations. i. Policy Principles or general guidelines to manage situations. ii. Procedure Actions or process that must be taken if a certain situation arises. iii. Regulations ad hoc guidelines when taking an action. WORKPLACE HISTORYMalaysia air duct System Berhad is doing business as Malaysia Airlines since its rootage as anindep barent airlinein 1987. Proudly running as the national-flag carrier of Malaysia from main home base of Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) with triadhand hubs at Kuching and Kota Kinabalu on the second island of the Malaysian state. With a concentration of meshing on both neighbourhoodal as fountainhead as foreign sectors, MAS has come to be known as world renowned airlines well as a local favorite along with its subsidiary, MAS Wings, because of staff hospitality and its marketing campaigns.It has been understood that there are various issues and opportunities that are existence faced to MAS. Some of these are an overstaffing problem involving more than twenty-thousand employees all over the world. Another one, being incurred net losses of RM 479 cardinal by the third quarter of 2011 and at the end of the fourth quarter the airline had incurred a loss of RM 2524 million, indicating a substantial decrease from a profit of RM 234 million in the previous year. Malaysia Airlines Vision is to be the Preferred Premium mailman by using A380 as the flagship product.To go for the vision, Malaysia Airlines mission is to be the best-in-class, top 10 commercially viable airline in the Asia Pacific region that returns sustainable profits to the shareholders. Business plan updated June 2012 RECOVERY PLAN (TOP MANAGEMENT) pattern A PROFITABLE NETWORK Malaysia Airlines will realign the network based on demand and profitability result in the termination of MAS super unprofitable routes to South Africa and Argentina and its only destination in Latin America.Other long hauls routes that unprofitabl e will also be eliminated MAS will deploy aircraft optimally to suit mission and for cost effectiveness. WIN BACK CUSTOMERS Malaysia Airlines will completely revamp the commercial team to improve performance and round off sales and distribution channels. MAS plans to win or gain back its indemnity long hauls passengers through changing its carriers. A phase-out of MAS ageing widebody aircraft will be pursued and simultaneously new passenger facilities will be introduced.By the end of 2013 the carrier will be operating only three types of upstart widebody aircraft A330-300s, B777-200ERs and A380s. Then MAS will put in place best-in-class revenue management to fix corporate travel business and revamp our internet qualification engine. MAS will enhancing our marketing and branding efforts and grow supplemental revenues. RELENTLESS price FOCUS Malaysia Airlines will radically improve productivity and efficiency by increased aircraft utilization. Then MAS will streamline assets and resources across group. After that MAS will critique and revamp legacy rocesses and work practices and reduce reliance on 3rdparty and in source jobs where possible. Lastly overhaul the procurement and contracting practices, and review existing contracts for greater cost savings. BRIDGE THE FUNDING GAP The livelihood gap that must be bridged given the aircraft deliveries of 2012. This bridge has five pillars of support 1. Positive operating cash flow 2. New debt and leasing arrangements 3. Working expectant boost via the return of pre-delivery payment deposits 4. Proceeds from potential spin-offs 5. Unwavering support of our shareholdersGAME CHANGERS (MIDDLE MANAGEMENT) i. Capture regional point-to-point traffic * Deepen and optimize regional & domesticated networks * Shift focus to point-to-point traffic markets * Optimize traffic hubs in KLIA, PEN, KCH, BKI ii. coalescence and partnerships * Enter one world for greater market access, connecting traffic flows, and broadloom frequent flyer arrangements * Explore collaboration and joint venture opportunities to conquer new markets and consolidate market position while reducing the financial risks of participating individually. iii. Profitable ancillary businesses Build a profitable portfolio of ancillary businesses around the core airline FOUNDATION (OPERATIONAL PLAN) i. Branded customer eff Improve product quality, including business class product offering in to match best in market and radically improve help levels at all customer service touch points also effect and build on service delivery differentiation. ii. Continuous operational melioration Continuously improve processes and work practices by simplify work steps. score legacy practices by reduce bureaucracy. Inject innovation in firmness of purpose issues and problems. iii. Winning organizationReview organization design and manpower requirements. Improve talent and successiveness planning. Revamp work rules to increase productivity. Rein force performance based hire and rewards. Rally staff through active engagement & communication. REFERENCE Dessler, (2011, 12). Malaysia Airline Business Plan. Retrieved 03, 2013, from http//malaysiaairlines. com/content/dam/mas/master/en/pdf/corporate-info/Malaysia%20Airlines%20Business%20Plan. pdf Unknown, (2013, 06). Malaysia Airline Report. Retrieved 03, 2013, from http//www. scribd. com/ medico/97200708/Malaysia-Airline-Report