Early Modern Period

1450-1750 Early new Period Major Developments I. Questions of Periodization A. Major points 1. fight in power to the West a. cabbage of the West with fall of China and India creates dissymmetry in power that favors europiumans for next two hundred years 2. World becomes smaller just about all finishs touched by pot 3. New pudding stones Spain, Portugal, England, France, Netherlands, poove, Russian, Mughal, Ming 4. Age of powder B. Changes at end of Postclassical Era 1. Independent societies (Aztecs, Incas) dropping apart 2.Arab power declining 3. New invasions Mongols 4. Ottoman Empire gains power a. atomic number 63ans threatened by new force to East 5. Chinese flirt with duty, but Ming bureaucrats pull stomach 6. Europe enters age of exploration C. Hesperian Europe 1. Unusual agricultural civilization 2. New view of family nuclear a. revere toward spouse b. Affection toward children 3. Return to demythologised thought 4. Stable political structures a. commandi ng monarchy b. Parliamentary monarchies 5. Religious reformers a. Reform the church building b. Protestant ReformationD. Effects of planetary Economy 1. By 1750, almost everyone knows everyone 2. victuals ex transfer new staple fibre crops to Africa (corn), Europe (potato) 3. Unequal relationships master, slave, owners, workforce 4. Slaves and serfs 5. Diseases E. Themes 1. Declining emphasis of nomads 2. steer relationships ambassadors replace intermediaries (Nomads) 3. Gender relations keep patriarchal 4. Labor relations change master/slave abuse of original peoples 5. A few commercial leading get rich 6. Environmental changes a. ood, animal, malady exhange 7. Native vegetation a. Deforestation for staple crops b. Grazing land for newly introduced beasts of warhead 8. Centralization of governments a. Modern government 1. bureaucracies 2. agencies 3. admiralties 4. treasuries 5. oecumenical staff 6. state banks 9. Nation-states began to emerge a. square political uni ts with fixed borders b. sense of subject field unity c. populations relatively homogenous linguistic communication/ethnicity F. Larger Trends 1. Americas overwhelmed by outsiders 2. Three trends a. Hesperian expansion . Globalization of trade c. Gunpowder 3. Reactions a. compass by choice b. Embrace by force c. Choose to preserve independent, involve in trade on own terms G. Why 1450 and 1750 1. 1450 a. annul of the Middle Ages b. Beginning of the Northern metempsychosis away from Italian city-states c. English evicted from France d. integrated France began to exercise its power e. Globalization of trade begins f. Direct contact between Europe and sub-Saharan Africa/Americas g. End of the Byzantine Empire h. Ottoman Turks rise to power