An Ideal Hero: Greek vs. Roman

EvansHUM 2210 REVIEW SHEET EXAM 1 LISTS1. Features that identify a confederacy as civilizeda. Agriculture (irrigation) and breeding of animals = surplus food (goats, peig, cattle, sheep). Wheat, barley, rice, and maize. (Sci&Tech- refine st iodin tools. Ex st angiotensin converting enzyme sickles)b. Cities large apartment settlements= standard architecture & surplus manpowerc. Writing (gifts of the gods)= records. Pictograph, ideogram, cuneiform.d. Institutions for centralized & inherited power . Priesthood for centralized sanctified ritual Kingship for centralized political and social structure (Paraoh= kings in Egypt) .2. geographic aras of early civilizations (Attached)3. Ages of early Hellenic mythology to Ovid ( Poet of Metamorphoses)a. Origin of humans consecrate clay (wise and rulers) blood of titans (murderous and criminals), and stones(endurance)b. 4 ages as decline flamboyant (peace), Silver (seasons &farming), tan (war), Iron (mining, deforestation, crime).4. D ominant and alternate cultural themes in the Iliad Audience u men Purpose cultural propaganda.Greek Heros= models of courage & skill to men (what to be) & women (what to waitress for- sense of security). a. Dominant Theme warrior code of personal honor and eminence b. Contrasting themes Family principle, simple country feeling vs. war, admiration of enemies. 5. Literary whole kit and boodle by Homer Blind poet Homer represents the culmination of a wide and vigorous tradition in which oral recitationpossibly to instrumental accompanimentwas a popular kind of entertainment. Iliad, Odyssey.6. Major column types in Greek architecture (know the parts) a. Doric Plan projects strength, power. Useful for king or state intimidate?Temple to powerful gods. b. Ionic elegant, sophisticated. Useful for gods and tidy sum of wisdom. Libraries. c. Corinthian more sophisticated. Projects wealth and power that comes with it. Useful to imperial capital of Italy to intimidate and amaze. Makes th e emperor or state look whole powerful, even off if they arent pic7. Major parts of architectural buildings on the Acropolis of Athens (City on the hills. Ex Propyleia & Parthenon) a. Propylaia Monumental entrance as the gate/threshold into the sacred hill. b. Athena Nike shrine to Athena as goddess of victory. Guardian of the hill. c. Parthenon (the Virgin) East Pediment (front) ancestry of Athena. Born from the head of Zeus= intuition. Feminine principle of wisdom, sacred red cent is the one. West Pediment (back) Competition mingled with Athena & Poseidon for Athens. Ancestors chose Athens gift for the chromatic tree= they preferred to war. Athenians all sheer this wisdom and desire for peace. The metopes (framed carvings on severally side) the victories over the Amazons, centaurs, giants, and Trojans/Persians = justice prevails over brute force, aggression.8. Major philosophers of the Greek Classical and Hellenistic periods Greek Classical a. Moral Socrates Dialectic mo de= critical approach. Question & answer search for Truth Knowledge is rightfulness & to know the good is to do the good. The unexamined life is not worth funding Produced skeptics (only believe what is absolutely certain) & agnostics (dont believe what is not kn throw for certain). b. affable Plato savant of Socrates Founded Academy in Athens, 387 B. C. scheme of Forms where is Truth uncanning, state take aim 4 Knowledge= certainties Level 3 Thinking= math geometry abstracts dismount Levels Opinions Level 2 Beliefs (Material worldly concern is true gone. ) Level 1 Imaginings (Images art = reality) Allegory of the Cave. Truth is painful. c. Logic Aristotle Student of Plato, founded school in Athens, 335 B. C. make natural recognitions into biology, zoology, botany Theory of Universals Inductive Science Universals discovered from particulars, and so studying the material world can (only) produce universals/ absolutes. Platos dualism adulterated study of material world. Deductive/Formal Logic for ethics and science Hellenistic a. Epicuranism Founder Epicurus (341-271 B. C. ) Atomist all matter made up of atoms so all forms are random no controls No afterlife demise= end no judgment Absolute free will each creates own destiny absolute individuality Goal of life joy (hedone hedonism) *individual pleasure - society would crush Pleasure absence of pain. dis station unsatisfied desires. Minimal desires Peace & pleasure harmony = agreement between desires and fulfillment. Life of Moderation (Ex credit card vs. cash budget). b. Stoicism * subway system cause pain, learn to live the Stoic life. Founder Zeno (334-262 B. C. ) Social tidings (=Heraclitus) All natural and society controlled by reason. The destiny of one is the FOR THE acceptable OF THE WHOLE. Happiness accepting ones destiny. Suffering resisting predestined life Stoic Goal Evenness, dispassionate= no joy in success, no sorrow in failure. Brotherhood of Man Logos Lives in everything and everyone as fire DEFINITION (know the basic meaning or reference of each term) -Polytheism/monotheism the belief in many gods/ the belief in only one god. Post & lintel the simplest form or architectural construction, consisting of vertical members (posts) and back up horizontals (lintels). Caste System a rigid social stratification in India based on differences in wealth, rank, or occupation. Muse/muses music ziggurat a terraced tower of rubble and brick that served ancient Mesopotamians as a temple-shrine. Pharaoh denomination of Egyptian king. Dialectic question-and- answer style (Socrates) Animism the belief that the forces of nature are inhibited by spirits. Homeopathic power infused based on affinity or imitation. *exaggerates sometime. Hellenistic followed by the Classical era the blending of Greek, African, and Asiatic cultures. Pantheism the belief that a divine spirit pervades all things in universe. transmission power transferred by contac t. Stoic Logos Seminal Reason, through which all things came to be, by which all things were ordered, and to which all things returned. Myth story form (poetry) vs. school of thought or scientific explanation typically involving gods and ancestors with supernatural power. Purpose to order universe and society. Ethnocentric the belief in the inherent superiority of ones own ethnic group or culture. Epicureanism Happiness depending on avoiding all forms of animal(prenominal) excess valued plain living and the perfect union of organic structure and mind.Gods played no part in human life, and death was goose egg more than the rearrangement of atoms which the imagey and all of nature consist. Covenant contract the bod between the Hebrew people and their god. Yin/Yang the principle, which ancient Chinese emperors called the foundation of the unblemished universe, interprets all nature as the dynamic product of two interacting cosmic forces, or modes of energy, commonly configu red as twin interpenetrating shapes enclosed in spite of appearance a circle. Yang- male principle lightness, hardness, brightness, warmth, and the sun. Ying- female principle darkness, softness, moisture, coolness, the earth. Metope the square display panel between the beam ends under the roof of a structure. Platos Theory of Formswhere is Truth? Above perfect world of forms originals, absolute, uncanning state. Below imperfect world of matter copies, changing, opinions. Ideal tragedy heros life changes from outcome to misfortune due to intellectual error. Pediment the triangular space forming the gable of a two-pitched roof in Classical architecture any similar triangular form found over a portico, door, or window. Epic level a long narrative poem that recounts the deeds of a legendary or historical hero in his quest for meaning or identity.IDENTIFICATION Know who or what each refers to -Venus Figurines sympathetic & contagious magic for fertility rate of nature and hum ans. -Stone Henge sacred space limitation of celestial world? cheer and moon for their fertility power? -Parthenon the outstanding architectural achievement of Golden Age Athens -Gate of Ishtar one of the eight gates of the inner metropolis of Babylon (main entrance), was built during the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar II (604- 562 BC), after he burn down capital of Israel. Starting point for Nebuchadnezzar II, after he bought the kingdom of Judah to an end he wants to beautify the capital. Achilles Achaean (Greek) hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the great warrior of Homers Iliad. -Plato Wrote the famous treatise, Republic. Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and fall in of the Academy in Athens. -Hammurapi sixth king of Babylon, known for the set of laws called Hammurabis Code, one of the first written codes of law in recorded history. -Athena goddess of wisdom and war. -Sophocles atomic number 16 of the great tragedians, developed his plots through the actions of the characters.He modified the ceremonial formality of ahead Greek tragedies by individualizing the characters and introducing moments of great psychological intimacy. Antigone -Confucius Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and capitulation Period of Chinese history. The philosophy of Confucius emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. -Zeus the powerful sky god. -Epicurus Greek thinker who advocated Epicuranism. -Moses the drawing card who led the Hebrews across the Red Sea. -Antigone A tragic play wrote by Sophocles.Proceed from the last phase of the history of Thebes. The play deals with many issues commerce to family (generation) vs. duty to state/law female willpower vs. male authority (gender) -Homer poet who wrote Iliad and Odyssey -Aristotle Student of Plato, Aristotles writings were the first to create a com prehensive system of horse opera philosophy, encompassing morality, aesthetics, logic, science, politics, and metaphysics. -Zeno Founder of Stoicism. MAP (be able to match the culture with its geography) 2. Nile r. / Jerusalem/Egypt 3. Euphrates r. / Tigris r. Persia /Babylon/ Mesopotamia 4. Olympus /Athens/ Aegean Sea/ Greece pic