Education in the Philippines Essay

During the finale of colonization by the linked States, reproduction in the Philippines changed radic tout ensembley, modeled on the dodging of facts of life in the United States of the time. After theSecond World War, changes in the US system were no longer automatic whollyy reflected in the Philippines, which has since moved in various directions of its own. Philippine children may enter humanity give instruction at about old age four, starting from Nursery up to Kindergar go. At about seven eld of age, children enter elementary condition (6 to 7 years). This may be followed by alternate work (4 years).Students may then sit for College Entrance Examinations (CEE), afterward which they may enter tertiary institutions (3 to 5 years). Other types of prepares do exist, much(prenominal) as Private tutors, Preparatory schools, International schools, Laboratory High takes and comprehension High Schools. Several ethnic groups, includingChinese, British, Americans, and Ja panese operate their own schools. master(a) schooling is compulsory, but 24% of Filipinos of the relevant age group do not attend, usually due to absence of any school in their area, study being offered in foreign languages only, or financial distress.In July 2009 DepEd acted to overcome the foreign language problem by ordering all elementary schools to move towards mother-tongue based learning initially. The order allows two selection lead-year bridging plans. Depending on the bridging plan adopted, the Filipino and English languages are to be phased in as the language of instruction for other subjects beginning in the tercet and fourth grades secondary winding schooling is of four years duration only.Although secondary schooling is compulsory, some Philippine news media have overcompensateed that since the 2000s, umteen Filipino students who began studying at toffee-nosed high schools, are force to transfer to public high schools because of increasing cost of living and pr ivate school fees and financial distress. Many public elementary/high schools in the country are already overcrowded. The school year in the Philippines starts in June of one year and ends in March of the next, with a two-month summer demolish for April and May, one week of semestral break (the last week of October), and a week or two of Christmas break.History and development Earlier propagation Further information Ancient Philippine scripts In pre-Spanish times, fostering was liberal unstructured in some areas. Children were provided more vocational training and little academics (3 Rs) by their parents and in the houses of tribal tutors. When the Spanish arrived in Manila, though, they were surprised to think a population with a literacy rate utilise a system of writing know as baybayin which was higher than the literacy rate of Madrid. Spanish period Main article Philippines reading during Spanish ruleUnder the Spanish, fosterage indigenous population was initially left to religious orders, with primary information being overseen by parish friars who generally tolerated the appriseing of only religious topics. The friars, recognizing the prize of a literate indigenous population, built printing presses to product solid in Bambayin. The friars, generally poorly educated themselves, were especially hostile to topical anaesthetic population, termed indios learning to speak and read Spanish, which would have made available devil to the same body of knowledge the friars had.Secular education was completely neglect with only one public primary school operating in Manila as late as 1830. A 1714 royal club creating secular universities was never implemented. A 1702 decree creating seminaries for natives was implemented only in 1772. Access to education by the Filipinos was later liberalized through the enactment of the educational Decree of 1863 which provided for the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and girls in each town unde r the responsibility of the municipal government activity and the establishment of a normal school for male teachers under the control of the Jesuits.Primary instruction was secularized and free and the teaching of Spanish was compulsory. In 1866, the replete(p) population of the Philippines was only 4,411,261. The total public schools was 841 for boys and 833 for girls and the total number of children tending these schools was 135,098 for boys and 95,260 for girls. In 1892, the number of schools had increased to 2,137, 1,087 of which were for boys and 1,050 for girls. By 1898, enrollment in schools at all levels exceeded 200,000 students. First res publica.The defeat of Spain by American forces paved the instruction for Aguinaldos Republic under a Revolutionary Government. The schools maintained by Spain for more than three centuries were closed for the time being but were reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary of Interior. The Burgos Institute in Malolos, the Military academy of Malolos, and the Literary University of the Philippines were established. A system of free and compulsory elementary education was established by the Malolos Constitution. American period Main article Philippines education during American rule.Further information Thomasites An adequate secularized and free public school system was established during the first decade of American rule upon the good word of the Schurman Commission. Free primary instruction that trained the people for the duties of citizenship and avocation was oblige by the Taft Commission per instructions of President William McKinley. Chaplains and non-commissioned officers were assigned to teach using English as the medium of instruction. A highly centralized public school system was installed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission by virtue of turn of events none74. The implementation of this Act created a backbreaking shortage of teachers so the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of unr estricted Instruction to bring to the Philippines more than 1,000 teachers from the United States called the Thomasites between 1901 to 1902. These teachers were scattered throughout the islands to establish barangay schools. 7The same law established the Philippine Normal School (now the Philippine Normal University) to train Filipino teachers for the public schools.The high school system supported by provincial governments, special educational institutions, school of arts and trades, an agricultural school, and commerce and marine institutes were established in 1902 by the Philippine Commission. In 1908, the Philippine Legislature approved Act No. 1870 which created theUniversity of the Philippines. The Reorganization Act of 1916 provided the Filipinization of all department secretaries except the Secretary of exoteric Instruction. Two decades later, enrollment in elementary schools was about 1 meg from a total of 150,000 students in 1901.7 After World War II In 1947, by virtue of executive director Order No. 94, the plane section of Instruction was changed to subdivision of Education. During this period, the regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonged to the delegacy of Public and Private Schools. Marcos era In 1972, the Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture by Proclamation 1081. Following a referendum of all barangays in the Philippines from 1015 January 1973, on 17 January 1973 President Marcos ratified the 1973 Constitution by Proclamation 1102.The 1973 Constitution set out the three fundamental aims of education in the Philippines, to ? foster love of country ?teach the duties of citizenship and ?develop moral character, self discipline, and scientific, technological and vocational efficiency. On 24 September 1972, by PD No 1, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports was decentralise with decision-making shared among thirteen regional offices. In 1978, by PD No 1397, the Department o f Education and Culture became the Ministry of Education and Culture.The Education Act of 1982 provided for an integrate system of education covering both formal and nonformal education at all levels. Section 29 of the Act sought to upgrade education institutions standards to achieve quality education, through voluntary accreditation for schools, colleges, and universities. Sections 16 & 17 upgraded the obligations and qualifications indispensable for teachers and administrators. Section 41 provided for government financial assistance to private schools.The Act also created the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. Fifth Republic On 2 February 1987, a new Constitution for the Philippines was ratified. Section 3, Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution contains the ten fundamental aims of education in the Philippines. In 1987 by virtue of Executive Order No. 117, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, became the Department of Education, Culture and Sports . The structure of DECS as embodied in EO No. 117 remained practically unchanged until 1994.On 26 May 1988 Congress enacted Republic Act 6655, the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, which manndated free public secondary education commencing in the school year 1988-1989. On 26 May 1988 Congress enacted RA 6655 which made free public secondary education to become a reality. On 3 February 1992, Congress enacted Republic Act 7323, which provided that students aged 15 to 25 may be employed during summer or Christmas pass with a salary not lower than the minimum pursue. 60% of the wage is to be paid by the employer and 40% by the government.On 3 February 1992, Congress enacted RA 7323 which provided that students aged 15 to 25 may be employed during summer or Christmas vacation with a salary not lower than the minimum wage. 60% of the wage is to be paid by the employer and 40% by the government. The Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) report of 1991 recommended the division of DECS into three parts. On 18 May 1994, Congress passed Republic Act 7722, the higher(prenominal) Education Act of 1994, creating the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), which assumed the functions of the Bureau of Higher Education, and supervises tertiary degree programs.On 25 August 1994, Congress passed Republic Act 7796, the Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994, creating the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), which absent the Bureau of Technical-Vocational Education plus the National Manpower and Youth Council, and supervises non-degree technical-vocational programs. 17 DECS maintained responsibility for all elementary and secondary education. This threefold division became known as the trifocal system of education in the Philippines. The trifocal education system of the Philippines.In August 2001, Republic Act 9155, otherwise called the Governance of Basic Education Act, was passed transforming the name of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to the Department of Education (DepEd) and redefining the role of depicted object offices (regional offices, division offices, district offices and schools). RA 9155 provides the overall framework for (i) school judgment empowerment by strengthening their leadership roles and (ii) school-based management within the background of transparency and local accountability.The goal of basic education is to provide the school age population and young adults with skills, knowledge, and values to become caring, self-reliant, productive and jingoistic citizens. 8 In January 2009, DepEd signed a memorandum of agreement with the United States theatrical for International Development to seal $86 million assistance to Philippine education, particularly the access to quality education in the Autonomous realm in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), and the Western and Central Mindanao regions.